Temple of the Feathered Serpent

The third great pyramid of Teotihuacan stands inside the walled enclosure of the Ciudadela at the southern end of the Avenue of the Dead. The temple itself is smaller than the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon but more elaborate: the facade carries great stone heads of the feathered serpent and the fire-and-water deity alternating with squared frames of waves and shells — the most spectacular surviving sculpted facade of pre-Hispanic Mexico.

A later pyramid was built over part of the front, and most of the original facade is now visible only on the back. Allow forty minutes to walk all around the temple and into the Ciudadela, where there is also a museum. The discovery tunnel beneath the pyramid was opened intermittently to visitors and may be accessible by guided tour — ask at the gate.

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Excavations from the 1980s onwards uncovered the burial of more than two hundred sacrificed warriors arranged in symmetrical rows around the base of the pyramid, each interred with weapons, shell ornaments, and projectile points. The burial appears to have been a single great consecration event, perhaps when the temple was finished around 200 AD. A separate tunnel running fifteen metres beneath the pyramid floor was opened to the public after a long excavation; it contained mercury, jade jewellery, statues of jaguars and feathered serpents, and several hundred kilograms of metal pyrite mirrors.

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